Chemical Bath Deposition of ZnO Nanowires Using Copper Nitrate as an Additive for Compensating Doping
نویسندگان
چکیده
The controlled incorporation of dopants like copper into ZnO nanowires (NWs) grown by chemical bath deposition (CBD) is still challenging despite its critical importance for the development piezoelectric devices. In this context, effects addition nitrate during CBD NWs on Au seed layers are investigated in detail, where zinc and hexamethylenetetramine used as standard precursors ammonia an additive to tune pH. By combining thermodynamic simulations with structural analyses, we show that oxide nanocrystals simultaneously form process low-pH region associated large supersaturation Cu species. Cu(II) Zn(II) speciation diagrams reveal both species very similar behaviors, they predominantly either X2+ ions (with X = or Zn) X(NH3)42+ ion complexes, depending pH value. Owing their ionic structures, Cu2+ Cu(NH3)42+ preferentially formed low- high-pH regions, respectively, able compete corresponding Zn2+ Zn(NH3)42+ adsorb c-plane top facets repulsive electrostatic interactions, yielding significant Cu. At highest value, additional attractive interactions between complexes negatively charged further enhance NWs. present findings provide a deep insight physicochemical processes at work following nitrate, well detailed analysis mechanisms NWs, which considered beyond only forces usually driving such Al Ga.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Inorganic Chemistry
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0020-1669', '1520-510X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03086